Poker Angle Shooting Explained

1. Poker Angle Shooting Explained Drills
2. Poker Angle Shooting Explained Chart

So you are asking, what is MOA? It stands for Minute of Angle as explained in the title. Here, a minute refers to 1/60th of a degree. Think about the minutes in an hour. One minute is a 1/60th of an hour. When it comes to shooting, it refers to a tiny fraction of one angle. Look at the circle. It has 360 degrees. 3 Actual Instances of Angle Shooting at the Poker Table Robert Woolley of PokerNews recently published an article about certain 'lesser known poker rules' that one may use to their advantage. Some have claimed that this article advocates angle shooting.

When it comes to winning, some players will stop at absolutely nothing. Whereas cheating and stealing might both get the job done, thankfully in poker they are both illegal – back in the early days of the game you'd end up with a bullet in the belly for your trouble!

• In the simplest of terms, angle shooting in poker is doing things that are questionable or unethical – but not strictly against the rules – to try and get an edge over another player.
• If it's a wheel card, you keep it, if not, you essentially get a 6th card. THAT is angle shooting. Playing limit hold'em, you grab 8 chips to throw in as a bet, you see that the other player is.
• Angle shooting is a great way to kill your reputation as a player and convince other players not to give you the time of day. While the official poker rules might not have much to say about those who angle shoot, most casinos and many websites have adapted their internal rules to stop some of the worst abuses.

But what about those grey areas? Things like lying to your opponent, hiding big chips behind smaller ones or deliberately playing out of turn to pries that extra bit of information out of your opponent? They might not be in the spirit of the game, but then again they're not explicitly against the rules.

Angle-shooting is the name given to these unethical approaches to the game, and such sharp practices are certainly not limited to the seedier back-street poker rooms of the movies.

Let's take a look at the most high-profile ‘angle-shoots' of recent years and take on the role of ‘judge and jury' against the bad guys. Be warned - some of the culprits may well surprise you!

Case study 1.

Tony G vs Phil Hellmuth

Antanas ‘Tony G' Guoga is certainly not one of the most surprising angle-shooters on this list! The loud-mouthed Lithuanian-born Aussie has made a career out of excellent play and, some might argue, even better insults.

The ‘Australian Airbag' – just one of the epithets Guoga has picked up over the years – is known for his quick-witted and unrelenting verbal assaults on other players, admittedly designed to put the opponent on tilt rather than a malicious attack.

His place on our list today was earned during Season 2 of the Big Game, in a hand against another of the world's most outspoken players, Phil ‘PokerBrat' Hellmuth.

The charge: Blatantly lying to his opponent (and everybody else at the table!)

The case for the prosecution: While Hellmuth was counting out his opening raise, Tony G announced he was all-in and stated that he was doing so blind. Not true, as the commentators and viewers -everyone bar Hellmuth and the other players that is - could see. Tony G had already glanced at his hole cards, and there was TV evidence!

After asking Guoga several times if he really hadn't seen his cards, and after Joe Hachem also asked and was told no by Guoga, Hellmuth eventually took the Aussie at his word and called the all-in.

Tony G turned over A♥K♥, which dominated Hellmuth's A♠J♦, and proceeded to cackle loudly at Hellmuth's call. 'Oh, you lied' was Phil's immediate comment. 'Of course I lied!' was the Aussie's response. 'It's poker Phil – what do you think this is?' and the cameras captured the ensuing, rather unedifying, action in glorious techni-color!

The case for the defence: Poker is a game where you are supposed to mislead your opponents! On this simple point, the defence rests its case.

Mitigating circumstances: Rather surprisingly, to this author at least, Guoga's bad behaviour and ungentlemanly conduct does not seem to extend beyond the green felt. As a well-respected businessman and philanthropist, Tony Guoga also founded the Lithuanian Poker Federation.

Verdict: Guilty but sentence is suspended for good behaviour away from the tables!

Case study 2

Daniel Negreanu vs Steven Silverman

Negreanu is almost certainly not a name you'd expect to find keeping company with the other reprobates skulking around the angle-shooting club! But even the cheerful, honest and open of people have skeletons in their closets.

Seen as one of the best ambassador's poker has, Negreanu tarnished that image somewhat during the 2013 EPT Barcelona €10,000 High Roller.

The charge: Deliberately over-betting and then immediately pretending it was a mistake.

Le geant de fer. The case for the prosecution: Picking up A♣K♥ Negreanu opened for 11 times the BB, a huge 45,000 bet with the blinds only sitting at 2000/4000.

Looking and acting embarrassed at his ‘accidental' massive bet, Negreanu induced –and obviously called - an all-in from table chip-leader Steven Silverman who tabled K♣J♣.

'That really was a mis-click', stated Negreanu – and any suspicions would generally fade away quite quickly with it being Negreanu in the dock. When the board ran out dry, Negreanu found himself with a healthy chip-lead - the knowing smile he gave the cameras indicating all is sometimes not what it seems with Kid Poker.

Some time later, Negreanu revealed that it was indeed an angle-shoot and that it was his opponent's responsibility to decide whether he was being truthful at the table or not! This surprising confession pretty much seals the case.

The case for the defence: The defence will not be calling any witnesses.

Mitigating circumstances: The positives Negreanu has brought to the game of poker are incalculable, and even super-nice guys are allowed to resort to naughtiness once in a blue moon. Young Silverman has perhaps even been taught a useful little lesson which will stand him in good stead for the future.

Verdict: Guilty by his own admission, Negreanu is sentenced to 2 year's hard-labour, teaching at the Poker School for Naïve Young Players.

Case study 3.

Dan ‘Jungleman' Cates vs Scott Seiver

The Party Premier League season 6 brought together two of the most socially awkward players in poker, players with a history between them, and it inevitably spilled over into accusations of cheating combined with some foul language.

Seiver is seen by many poker fans as a ‘whinger' – not happy unless he can find something to complain about. Enter Dan ‘Jungkleman' Cates, a player whose naivety and awkwardness has often been his own downfall.

The charge: Acting out of turn – repeatedly!

The case for the prosecution: Picking up A♠J♦ in 1st position, Jungleman's 10k raise was called by Siever, holding 8♥8♠ in late position, and Antonio Esfandiari came along for the ride in the SB with Q♦9♦. When the flop came AxK, Cates instantly checked – out of turn! The action was, or ought to have been, on Esfandiari. Seiver was incensed, claiming Cates was doing this 'every time' killing his action.

So why is acting out of turn so bad here?

Well, if we look at the ‘normal' course of action, Esfandiari would likely check having missed the flop, Cates would check behind and Seiver would likely follow suit hoping to turn trips. Cates would be unlikely to make any money – he needs someone to bet out, so he can re-raise them.

So his out-of-turn check, indicating weakness or that he didn't like the flop, tempts Esfandiari into betting which a) allows Cates to re-raise and b) prevents Seiver from having any odds at all to call and see the turn.

Seiver's justifiable accusations of angle-shooting, claiming that it only happens when he is in a hand, were met by the ‘f-bomb' from Cates, and the table descended into a free-for-all, equal parts support and condemnation of Cates.

The case for the defence: Jungleman Cates was in 1st position – it's an awkward spot at the table for following the action. Added to this, the table-talk was generally loud and loose, so making a mistake and playing out-of-turn will inevitably happen on occasion.

Mitigating circumstances: Cates comes across as a very naïve guy. He has been taken for a ride many times in his career, putting faith in other people and losing lots of money in the process. Coupled with his flaky behaviour at the table, it may not have been a deliberate angle-shoot.

Verdict: Guilty by a majority decision and sentenced to 100 hours of community service helping Seiver to find some positive things to focus on in life!

Case study 4.

Ivan Freitez vs Eugene Yanayt

Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me. Fool me four times…well, you can decide for yourself what the shame sentence for this one should be!

The EPT 7 Grand Final in Madrid saw possibly the worst serial angle-shooting episode in televised poker history, and the outcome gives lie to the old adage that ‘crime doesn't pay'.

The charge: Raising on the river, then pleading that you meant to only call.

The case for the prosecution: With the board showing 5♣3♦K♠5♦6♠ Eugene Yanayt bet out on the river holding K♦Q♠. This left his opponent Ivan Freitez – holding 6♥5♥ - in a very difficult position. How could he get his full house to make some more money? A normal raise would likely see Yanayt fold his ‘top pair/ top kicker'. But Freitez had a cunning plan! A plan which, it transpires, he had already managed to implement 3 times previously in the same event.

Freitez announced ‘raise', then immediately corrected himself, stating that he meant to only call. When the tournament director, Thomas Kremser, was called to the table, things got very interesting indeed. Not only was Freitez told that his ‘raise' had to stand, he then proceeded to explain to Yanayt that Freitez had pulled the same stunt 3 times previously!

Why would this serial angle-shoot be of benefit to Freitez? Well, if he could convince his opponent that he had only a middling holding, top pair with a weak kicker perhaps, and his ‘enforced' raise was just an ‘English as a 2nd-language' mistake, then his opponent might call, or even come over the top with a re-raise.

Poker Angle Shooting Explained Drills

Amazingly, despite Yanayt being informed of exactly what the angle-shooting Freitez was doing, he proceeded to call anyway! Freitez turned over his boat and scooped the pot. The rest of the table could only look on in disgust as Freitez then went on to pick up the title.

The case for the defence: Freitez made an unfortunate mistake because of his poor command of English.

Mitigating circumstances: None! None whatsoever as Freitez had pulled the same stunt several times and knew exactly what he was doing.

Verdict: Guilty as sin, sentenced to be an EPT poker pariah and set to appear as public enemy number 1 in every angle-shooting compilation until the end of time! Grand casino fireworks.

Poker pro Doug Lee has amassed over $1.3 million in live tournament earnings in a decade-long career that includes two WSOP circuit championships.

The first of those titles came in 2005 in a $10,200 buy-in event at the Rio Las Vegas Poker Festival that resulted in Lee's largest cash of his career --$695,970. However, that career includes some questionable tactics at the poker tables over the years, the latest allegation centered around possible angle shooting during a $565 buy-in, $500,000 guaranteed tournament in the PHamous Poker Series at Planet Hollywood.

The charges were levied by fellow poker pro Jimmy Fricke, whose live tourney resume shows more than $1.6 million in lifetime cashes. Fricke has been cashing in tournaments almost as long as Lee, with a 2nd place finish in the 2007 Aussie Millions Poker Championship Main Event good for $795,279 his largest score to date.

'All-in, two million'

The angle shooting incident in question occurred at the blind level of 30,000/60,000 when an UTG player shoved all-in for about 600K in chips. The table's big stack called the all-in bet, leading to Lee making an announcement that he was 'all-in, two million.'

The big stack asked Lee if his chip total was indeed two million, Lee replied in the affirmative, which prompted the big stack to fold his hand. Lee's big slick beat the pocket fives of UTG, allowing Lee to scoop a huge pot --more than 1.2 million in chips.

However, Lee didn't actually have two million in chips. His total stack was apparently less than 1.5 million. Lee seemingly misrepresented his chip count hoping to prompt the big stack to fold, an apparent angle shoot that found success.

Poker Angle Shooting Explained Chart

2 + 2 posters chime in

Angle-shooting is the name given to these unethical approaches to the game, and such sharp practices are certainly not limited to the seedier back-street poker rooms of the movies.

Let's take a look at the most high-profile ‘angle-shoots' of recent years and take on the role of ‘judge and jury' against the bad guys. Be warned - some of the culprits may well surprise you!

Case study 1.

Tony G vs Phil Hellmuth

Antanas ‘Tony G' Guoga is certainly not one of the most surprising angle-shooters on this list! The loud-mouthed Lithuanian-born Aussie has made a career out of excellent play and, some might argue, even better insults.

The ‘Australian Airbag' – just one of the epithets Guoga has picked up over the years – is known for his quick-witted and unrelenting verbal assaults on other players, admittedly designed to put the opponent on tilt rather than a malicious attack.

His place on our list today was earned during Season 2 of the Big Game, in a hand against another of the world's most outspoken players, Phil ‘PokerBrat' Hellmuth.

The charge: Blatantly lying to his opponent (and everybody else at the table!)

The case for the prosecution: While Hellmuth was counting out his opening raise, Tony G announced he was all-in and stated that he was doing so blind. Not true, as the commentators and viewers -everyone bar Hellmuth and the other players that is - could see. Tony G had already glanced at his hole cards, and there was TV evidence!

After asking Guoga several times if he really hadn't seen his cards, and after Joe Hachem also asked and was told no by Guoga, Hellmuth eventually took the Aussie at his word and called the all-in.

Tony G turned over A♥K♥, which dominated Hellmuth's A♠J♦, and proceeded to cackle loudly at Hellmuth's call. 'Oh, you lied' was Phil's immediate comment. 'Of course I lied!' was the Aussie's response. 'It's poker Phil – what do you think this is?' and the cameras captured the ensuing, rather unedifying, action in glorious techni-color!

The case for the defence: Poker is a game where you are supposed to mislead your opponents! On this simple point, the defence rests its case.

Mitigating circumstances: Rather surprisingly, to this author at least, Guoga's bad behaviour and ungentlemanly conduct does not seem to extend beyond the green felt. As a well-respected businessman and philanthropist, Tony Guoga also founded the Lithuanian Poker Federation.

Verdict: Guilty but sentence is suspended for good behaviour away from the tables!

Case study 2

Daniel Negreanu vs Steven Silverman

Negreanu is almost certainly not a name you'd expect to find keeping company with the other reprobates skulking around the angle-shooting club! But even the cheerful, honest and open of people have skeletons in their closets.

Seen as one of the best ambassador's poker has, Negreanu tarnished that image somewhat during the 2013 EPT Barcelona €10,000 High Roller.

The charge: Deliberately over-betting and then immediately pretending it was a mistake.

Le geant de fer. The case for the prosecution: Picking up A♣K♥ Negreanu opened for 11 times the BB, a huge 45,000 bet with the blinds only sitting at 2000/4000.

Looking and acting embarrassed at his ‘accidental' massive bet, Negreanu induced –and obviously called - an all-in from table chip-leader Steven Silverman who tabled K♣J♣.

'That really was a mis-click', stated Negreanu – and any suspicions would generally fade away quite quickly with it being Negreanu in the dock. When the board ran out dry, Negreanu found himself with a healthy chip-lead - the knowing smile he gave the cameras indicating all is sometimes not what it seems with Kid Poker.

Some time later, Negreanu revealed that it was indeed an angle-shoot and that it was his opponent's responsibility to decide whether he was being truthful at the table or not! This surprising confession pretty much seals the case.

The case for the defence: The defence will not be calling any witnesses.

Mitigating circumstances: The positives Negreanu has brought to the game of poker are incalculable, and even super-nice guys are allowed to resort to naughtiness once in a blue moon. Young Silverman has perhaps even been taught a useful little lesson which will stand him in good stead for the future.

Verdict: Guilty by his own admission, Negreanu is sentenced to 2 year's hard-labour, teaching at the Poker School for Naïve Young Players.

Case study 3.

Dan ‘Jungleman' Cates vs Scott Seiver

The Party Premier League season 6 brought together two of the most socially awkward players in poker, players with a history between them, and it inevitably spilled over into accusations of cheating combined with some foul language.

Seiver is seen by many poker fans as a ‘whinger' – not happy unless he can find something to complain about. Enter Dan ‘Jungkleman' Cates, a player whose naivety and awkwardness has often been his own downfall.

The charge: Acting out of turn – repeatedly!

The case for the prosecution: Picking up A♠J♦ in 1st position, Jungleman's 10k raise was called by Siever, holding 8♥8♠ in late position, and Antonio Esfandiari came along for the ride in the SB with Q♦9♦. When the flop came AxK, Cates instantly checked – out of turn! The action was, or ought to have been, on Esfandiari. Seiver was incensed, claiming Cates was doing this 'every time' killing his action.

So why is acting out of turn so bad here?

Well, if we look at the ‘normal' course of action, Esfandiari would likely check having missed the flop, Cates would check behind and Seiver would likely follow suit hoping to turn trips. Cates would be unlikely to make any money – he needs someone to bet out, so he can re-raise them.

So his out-of-turn check, indicating weakness or that he didn't like the flop, tempts Esfandiari into betting which a) allows Cates to re-raise and b) prevents Seiver from having any odds at all to call and see the turn.

Seiver's justifiable accusations of angle-shooting, claiming that it only happens when he is in a hand, were met by the ‘f-bomb' from Cates, and the table descended into a free-for-all, equal parts support and condemnation of Cates.

The case for the defence: Jungleman Cates was in 1st position – it's an awkward spot at the table for following the action. Added to this, the table-talk was generally loud and loose, so making a mistake and playing out-of-turn will inevitably happen on occasion.

Mitigating circumstances: Cates comes across as a very naïve guy. He has been taken for a ride many times in his career, putting faith in other people and losing lots of money in the process. Coupled with his flaky behaviour at the table, it may not have been a deliberate angle-shoot.

Verdict: Guilty by a majority decision and sentenced to 100 hours of community service helping Seiver to find some positive things to focus on in life!

Case study 4.

Ivan Freitez vs Eugene Yanayt

Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me. Fool me four times…well, you can decide for yourself what the shame sentence for this one should be!

The EPT 7 Grand Final in Madrid saw possibly the worst serial angle-shooting episode in televised poker history, and the outcome gives lie to the old adage that ‘crime doesn't pay'.

The charge: Raising on the river, then pleading that you meant to only call.

The case for the prosecution: With the board showing 5♣3♦K♠5♦6♠ Eugene Yanayt bet out on the river holding K♦Q♠. This left his opponent Ivan Freitez – holding 6♥5♥ - in a very difficult position. How could he get his full house to make some more money? A normal raise would likely see Yanayt fold his ‘top pair/ top kicker'. But Freitez had a cunning plan! A plan which, it transpires, he had already managed to implement 3 times previously in the same event.

Freitez announced ‘raise', then immediately corrected himself, stating that he meant to only call. When the tournament director, Thomas Kremser, was called to the table, things got very interesting indeed. Not only was Freitez told that his ‘raise' had to stand, he then proceeded to explain to Yanayt that Freitez had pulled the same stunt 3 times previously!

Why would this serial angle-shoot be of benefit to Freitez? Well, if he could convince his opponent that he had only a middling holding, top pair with a weak kicker perhaps, and his ‘enforced' raise was just an ‘English as a 2nd-language' mistake, then his opponent might call, or even come over the top with a re-raise.

Poker Angle Shooting Explained Drills

Amazingly, despite Yanayt being informed of exactly what the angle-shooting Freitez was doing, he proceeded to call anyway! Freitez turned over his boat and scooped the pot. The rest of the table could only look on in disgust as Freitez then went on to pick up the title.

The case for the defence: Freitez made an unfortunate mistake because of his poor command of English.

Mitigating circumstances: None! None whatsoever as Freitez had pulled the same stunt several times and knew exactly what he was doing.

Verdict: Guilty as sin, sentenced to be an EPT poker pariah and set to appear as public enemy number 1 in every angle-shooting compilation until the end of time! Grand casino fireworks.

Poker pro Doug Lee has amassed over $1.3 million in live tournament earnings in a decade-long career that includes two WSOP circuit championships.

The first of those titles came in 2005 in a $10,200 buy-in event at the Rio Las Vegas Poker Festival that resulted in Lee's largest cash of his career --$695,970. However, that career includes some questionable tactics at the poker tables over the years, the latest allegation centered around possible angle shooting during a $565 buy-in, $500,000 guaranteed tournament in the PHamous Poker Series at Planet Hollywood.

The charges were levied by fellow poker pro Jimmy Fricke, whose live tourney resume shows more than $1.6 million in lifetime cashes. Fricke has been cashing in tournaments almost as long as Lee, with a 2nd place finish in the 2007 Aussie Millions Poker Championship Main Event good for $795,279 his largest score to date.

'All-in, two million'

The angle shooting incident in question occurred at the blind level of 30,000/60,000 when an UTG player shoved all-in for about 600K in chips. The table's big stack called the all-in bet, leading to Lee making an announcement that he was 'all-in, two million.'

The big stack asked Lee if his chip total was indeed two million, Lee replied in the affirmative, which prompted the big stack to fold his hand. Lee's big slick beat the pocket fives of UTG, allowing Lee to scoop a huge pot --more than 1.2 million in chips.

However, Lee didn't actually have two million in chips. His total stack was apparently less than 1.5 million. Lee seemingly misrepresented his chip count hoping to prompt the big stack to fold, an apparent angle shoot that found success.

Poker Angle Shooting Explained Chart

2 + 2 posters chime in

The incident prompted a thread on 2 + 2 that resulted in a debate over whether Lee's action was an angle shoot, or whether it was big stack's responsibility to confirm the actual chip count. Big stack failed to ask for confirmation from the dealer, taking Lee's word for it that his chips totaled two million.

As was alluded to in the thread, it is out of the ordinary for a player to announce an all-in followed by his chip total. Lee being an experienced pro, it appears his intent was to deceive.

The posters who side with Fricke and claim Lee was angle shooting point to Lee's intent of misrepresenting his chip total. Other posters were of the mind that big stack erred in confirming Lee's actual chip count.

Other posters piped in with stories of Lee's reputation for pulling such tactics, suggesting that someone known for questionable conduct on the felt should not be taken at his word. Fricke also called out the tournament directors for standing pat when Lee threw a number of insults at Fricke for bringing up the possible angle shoot when Fricke was not involved in the hand.